Amber Acid – natural preparation for diabetes treatment

In the case of diabetes dependent on insulin, hyperglycemia goes together with other metabolic disorders: hyperlipidemy, hyperlactatemia, and ketosis. Decrease of carbohydrate on purpose to egest hyperglycemia is the main principle of diabetes treatment. The initial criterion of this compensation is absence of sugar in the urine and reduced glucose concentration in the blood during twenty four hours. Such correction of diabetes is carried out by choosing diet, injecting insulin, taking non-hormonic preparations, which reduces amount of sugar or its combinations in the blood.

The usage of glucose in peripheral tissues changes dependent on the concentration of free fatty acid and ketotic corpuscules in blood plasma. Any increase of fatty acid or ketotic corpuscules is a reason of suppression of glucose usage in the tissues. It is visible in the case of both normal and enlarged concentration of insulin. By contrast, injection of glucose reduces oxidation speed of fatty acid and enlarges usage of glucose in peripheries. That is to say, that reduction of fatty acid and ketonic corpuscules level in blood plasma may stimulate usage of glucose in the tissues and reduce amount of glucose in plasma.

In the course of our experiments we noticed that progress of diabetes growth for rats (after injections of alloxan) depends on process of lipid circulation a lot according to glucose concentration in the blood. It was proved that animals, which had injections of alloxan, could be divided into two groups in unison called “diabetic” and “non-diabetic”. Sure enough, injections of alloxan caused increase of glucose in the blood till the trespass of norm for some rats, for others concentration of glucose remained almost unchanged.

Table 1.

Parallel changes of glucose concentration and ketotic corpuscules in the blood of rats causing diabetes with alloxan

Note. 40 mg/kg of alloxan was injected in proportion to 1 ml saline. Saline was injected for the control group. Three days later, concentration of indicated substances in the blood was measured. Glucose, 3-D –hidroxibutirate and acetoacetate was measured by fluorimetric fermentatic methods. For each alloxan group rats were selected in tens. Criterion for the selection was glucose concentration in the blood: under 10 mg and above 15 mg for “diabetic” and “non-diabetic” groups.

It is shown in the table that level of glucose concentration in the blood does not rise (diabetes does not develop0 when injection of alloxan does not cause increase of ketotic corpuscules in the blood. That is to say, such animals do not differ from controlled, their weight does not decrease and there is no polyury. Those animals may be ascribable to “non-diabetic” group. In other group of rats, “diabetic”, increase of glucose concentration and ketotic blood corpuscules, which are caused by alloxan, may be seen. A weight of these rats was 20% lower than a weight of control group. The former drank a lot of water and the polyury was noticed. Thus, the positive correlation between glucose and amount of ketotic corpuscules in the blood was a feature of rats of “diabetic” group. Spanish researches, who are working with Spreg-Doyli rats causing diabetes with alloxan, got similar (although not identical) results. Glucose accession into peripheral tissues, for example into skeletal muscles and erythrocytes, is a process dependent on insulin, whereas ketotic corpuscules spared over the tissues freely and are independent of insulin. Thus, the findings let to guess, that having diabetes, when permeability of cell membrane disconcerts because of lack of insulin, the amount of glucose concentration in the blood may be diminished by the reduction of concentration of ketotic corpuscules.

We have investigated an impact of various natural preparations on concentration of ketotic corpuscules in the blood, and identified that succinate the most effectively reduces concentration of ketotic corpuscules. It, especially, increases when the animal is starving (Table 2). After twenty four hours of starving concentration of 3-D –hidroxibutirate in blood plasma of the rats used to rise to 1,95 mg, acetoacetate – to 0,5mg (norm approximately 0,2 and 0,05mg respectively), how ever the effect of succinate used to reduce concentration of ketotic corpuscules significantly (to 1,0 and 0,38mg respectively) during the thirty minutes previous to animal death.

Table 2.

An impact of succinate on the concentration of ketotic corpuscules in the blood of starving rats

Note. Rats (in tens in each group) were starving twenty-four hours. Afterwards at 9hr 30min saline or succinate (50mg/kg) was injected for them. After 30 min level of concentration of ketotic corpuscules was researching by the fluorimetric fermentatic method. Deviations of average value and average effective values from normal, *р

Mechanism, through which succinate may reduce concentration of ketonic corpuscules and glucose, is indeterminate. It is may be guessed, that oxidation of succinate, which may intensify metabolism in vivo, creates surplus amount of ATP, witch is sufficient for the activity of acetoacetate, lipid biosynthesis, herewith for the stimulation of glucose transmission to peripheral tissues.

We are inclined to think, that succinate may be used for reduction of glucose amount in the blood after causing diabetes with alloxan for animals. Tentative experiments proved that impact of succinate (for animals diabetes was caused by alloxan) reduces not only amount of ketotic corpuscules in blood plasma, but also glucose concentration (more effectively).

Impact of succinate on glucose and ketotic corpuscules concentration in rat blood (diabetes for them was caused by alloxan).

Note. Alloxan was injected for the rats in 40mg/kg. Three days later, succinate (50mg/kg) was injected for one group or rats, saline – for other group. After half-an-hour all animals were decapitated and metabolites, which are described in table 1) found.

Deviations of average value and average effective values from normal were listed.

In contradistinction to insulin, such unnatural agents like sulphacarbamide may lower glucose amount in plasma without its entrance into tissues stimulation and without utilization in the tissues. In that case the application of preparations, this reduces glucose concentration in the blood through reduction of ketotic corpuscules concentration, stimulation of glucose transmission to cells and its utilization in peripheral tissues without inhibition of gluconeogenesis, may be beneficial.

Authors: E. A Kosenka, J.G. Kaminskij, M.N. Kondrasheva.

The Institute of Theoretic and Experimental Biophysics